Antigen Antibody Animation

When the macrophage eats bacteria proteins antigens from the bacteria are broken down into short peptide chains and those peptides are then displayed on the macrophage. Antibodies immunoglobins are y shaped proteins produced by b cells of the immune system in response to exposure to antigens. Antigen antibody interaction or antigen antibody reaction is a specific chemical interaction between antibodies produced by b cells of the white blood cells and antigens during immune reactionthe antigens and antibodies combine by a process called agglutination.
antigen antibody animation antigen antibody reaction animation

The resulting antibodies bind to the antigen.

Antigen antibody animation. Because antibodies have two arms they can bind to two antigens at the same time and as you can imagine lots of antibodies binding to lots of cells can make big clumps. In this way antibodies are very specific meaning that each antibody can only bind to one particular surface antigen like a lock and a key. It is the fundamental reaction in the body by which the body is protected from complex foreign molecules such as pathogens and. Antigens are any substance that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodiesantigens can be bacteria viruses or fungi that cause infection and disease.

The animation begins by showing normal red and white blood. Antibodies also called immunoglobulins y shaped molecules are proteins manufactured by the body that help fight against foreign substances called antigens. When the body recognises a foreign antigen lymphocytes white blood cells produce antibodies which are complementary in shape to the antigen. Following are some of the differences between antigen and antibody.

This 3d medical animation shows how antibodies stop harmful pathogens from attaching themselves to healthy cells in the blood stream. These fragments are formed by the whole light chain and two domains one variable and one constant of the heavy chain. Bacterial antigen ca 1949 made from hemophilus pertussis the bacteria that causes whooping cough. Antigens are used in vaccines and in diagnostic tests.

This product does not contain the whole microorganism only the part that triggers the immune system to produce antibodies. The part of the molecule that is bound to the antigen is calledthe fragment antigen binding fab there are two fabs in each monomeric antibody. Thus all variable segments are part of the antigen binding regions. Below is an animation that illustrates the basic cell cell interactions that lead to antibody production can be seen in the accompanying animation.

Each antibody contains a paratope which recognizes a specific epitope on an antigen acting like a lock and key binding mechanism. Each antigen has distinct surface features or epitopes resulting in specific responses.